JKBOSE Class 12th Business Studies PDF Notes Free – All Chapters

Class 12th Business Studies PDF Notes Download JKBOSE Class 12th business Studies all chapters PDF 2023 (Easy to Learn)Download JKBOSE Class 12th business studies all chapters PDF Notes free of charge. With an expert to give free review material, we have attempted to transfer notes for class 12th for practically all streams and subjects. The notes and modular estimate papers given at our online interface are basic and simple to get a handle on. The business understudies will find these notes straightforward. These review materials incorporate Accountancy subjects, Business Studies, and Entrepreneurship. All these notes are prepared by Omaar Sir Commerce and Management study center, The Commercians, Habib colony Parraypora Baghat Srinagar.

Downloading link  for all JKBOSE Class 12th Business Studies PDF All Chapters are mentioned below with chapter name with Download link

1. Nature & Purpose of Business :

Management is an essential part of any group activity. It is a primary force within the group or an organization that tends to lead it toward the group goal. Management is required to plan, organize, coordinate, and control the affairs of the organization. It brings the human and material resources together and motivates people the achievement the objectives of the Organization.

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2. Principles of Management :

Management is a cycle that brings the scant human and material assets together and propels individuals to accomplish the targets of the association. The executives are definitely not a one-time act, but a continuous series of interrelated exercises. The entirety of these exercises is known as the board interaction. It consists of a bunch of interrelated tasks or capacities important to accomplish wanted hierarchical objectives.

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3. Management & Business Environment :

The business environment is the overall climate created by internal and external forces within which an enterprise operates. It reflects the overall state of affairs that affects the entire business community. The business environment is the aggregate of all conditions, creates, and influences that surround and affect it.

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4. Planning :

Planning is a basic managerial function. It helps in determining the course of action to be followed for achieving various organizational objectives. It is a decision in advance about what to do, when to do it, what to do, how to do it, and how will do a particular task. Planning is a process that involves thinking before doing.

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5. Organizing :

Organizing is concerned with developing a framework where total work is divided into manageable components in order to achieve business goals. It is the working together of two or more persons in a coordinated way for achieving objectives. The organization establishes the relationship among people in the enterprise and coordinates their activities in such a way that all the resources are employed for achieving objectives.

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6. Staffing :

Staffing is a managerial function of manning positions in an organizational structure. It is related to arranging the required manpower. It basically involves matching jobs and individuals. Staffing may be defined as keeping filled positions in the organizations. This may require functions like manpower, planning, recruitment, selection training & development, etc.

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7. Directing :

Directing is a very important managerial function. It means giving instructions, guiding, counseling, motivating, and leading the staff in an organization in doing work to achieve organizational goals. Directing is a key managerial function to be performed by the manager along with planning, organizing, staffing, and controlling. From top executive to superior performs the function of directing, and it takes place accordingly wherever superior.

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8. Controlling :

Controlling is one of the managerial functions. It is the process of checking whether the plans are bringing adhered to or not, keeping a record of programs, and then taking corrective measures if there is any deviation. Control is a continuous process and is exercised at every level of management. Control involves the comparison of actual performance with the planned performance.

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9. Business Finance :

Every enterprise, whether big, medium, or small needs finance to carry on its operations and achieve its targets. Finance may be defined as the provision of money at the time when it is required. It refers to the management of the flow of money in an organization. Business finance is referred to an activity or a process that is concerned with the acquisition of funds, use of funds, and distribution of profits by a business firm. Finance may also be raised by issuing debentures and taking loans from banks and financial institutions.

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10. Finance Markets :

Financial markets refer to the institutional arrangements for dealing in financial assets and credit instruments. A financial market acts as a link between the saver and borrowers. It is a market for the creation and exchange of financial assets

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11. Marketing Management

Marketing is the process of a business that is related to satisfying human wants through the exchange of goods and services. In simple terms, marketing may be defined as an exchange transaction that takes place between the buyer and seller.

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12. Consumer Protection

A consumer is exposed to many hazards. He should be protected from the consumption of unsafe products such as adultered eatables, medicines, etc. The economic interests of the consumer should be protected against unfair trade practices and deceptive and false advertisements.

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official website : JKBOSE

These notes are prepared by:

• Omaar Sir’s Commerce and Management study center
• Habib colony Parraypora Baghat Srinagar